如何删除SQL中的重复行

如何删除SQL中的重复行? 在本节中,我们将学习在MySQL和Oracle中删除重复行的不同方法。如果SQL表…

如何删除SQL中的重复行?

在本节中,我们将学习在MySQL和Oracle中删除重复行的不同方法。如果SQL表包含重复的行,那么我们必须删除重复的行。

准备样品数据

该脚本将创建名为contacts的表。

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS contacts;
CREATE TABLE contacts (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
first_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL, 
    email VARCHAR(210) NOT NULL,
    age VARCHAR(22) NOT NULL
);

在上表中,我们插入了以下数据。

INSERT INTO contacts (first_name,last_name,email,age) 
VALUES ('Kavin','Peterson','[email protected]','21'),
       ('Nick','Jonas','[email protected]','18'),
       ('Peter','Heaven','[email protected]','23'),
       ('Michal','Jackson','[email protected]','22'),
       ('Sean','Bean','[email protected]','23'),
       ('Tom ','Baker','[email protected]','20'),
       ('Ben','Barnes','[email protected]','17'),
       ('Mischa ','Barton','[email protected]','18'),
       ('Sean','Bean','[email protected]','16'),
       ('Eliza','Bennett','[email protected]','25'),
       ('Michal','Krane','[email protected]','25'),
       ('Peter','Heaven','[email protected]','20'),
       ('Brian','Blessed','[email protected]','20');
       ('Kavin','Peterson','[email protected]','30'),

在执行DELETE语句后,我们将执行脚本以重新创建测试数据。

该查询从联系人表返回数据:

SELECT * FROM contacts
ORDER BY email;
id first_name last_name Email age
7 Ben Barnes [email protected] 21
13 Brian Blessed [email protected] 18
10 Eliza Bennett [email protected] 23
1 Kavin Peterson [email protected] 22
14 Kavin Peterson [email protected] 23
8 Mischa Barton [email protected] 20
11 Michal Krane [email protected] 17
4 Michal Jackson [email protected] 18
2 Nick Jonas [email protected] 16
3 Peter Heaven [email protected] 25
12 Peter Heaven [email protected] 25
5 Sean Bean [email protected] 20
9 Sean Bean [email protected] 20
6 Tom Baker [email protected] 30

以下SQL查询从联系人表返回重复的电子邮件:

SELECT
    email, COUNT(email)
FROM
    contacts
GROUP BY
    email
HAVING
COUNT (email) > 1;
email COUNT(email)
[email protected] 2
[email protected] 2
[email protected] 2

我们有三行重复的电子邮件。

(A)使用DELETE JOIN语句删除重复的行

DELETE t1 FROM contacts t1
INNERJOIN contacts t2 
WHERE
    t1.id < t2.id AND
    t1.email = t2.email;

输出:

Query OK, three rows affected (0.10 sec)

三行已被删除。我们执行下面给出的查询,以从表中查找重复的电子邮件。

SELECT
    email, 
COUNT (email)
FROM
    contacts
GROUP BY
    email
HAVING
COUNT (email) > 1;

查询返回空集。要验证联系人表中的数据,请执行以下SQL查询:

SELECT * FROM contacts;
id first_name last_name Email age
7 Ben Barnes [email protected] 21
13 Brian Blessed [email protected] 18
10 Eliza Bennett [email protected] 23
1 Kavin Peterson [email protected] 22
8 Mischa Barton [email protected] 20
11 Micha Krane [email protected] 17
4 Michal Jackson [email protected] 18
2 Nick Jonas [email protected] 16
3 Peter Heaven [email protected] 25
5 Sean Bean [email protected] 20
6 Tom Baker [email protected] 30

行ID的9、12和14已被删除。我们使用以下语句删除重复的行:

执行用于创建联系人的脚本。

DELETE c1 FROM contacts c1
INNERJ OIN contacts c2 
WHERE
    c1.id > c2.id AND
    c1.email = c2.email;
id first_name last_name email age
1 Ben Barnes [email protected] 21
2 Kavin Peterson [email protected] 22
3 Brian Blessed [email protected]o.com 18
4 Nick Jonas [email protected] 16
5 Michal Krane [email protected] 17
6 Eliza Bennett [email protected] 23
7 Michal Jackson [email protected] 18
8 Sean Bean [email protected] 20
9 Mischa Barton [email protected] 20
10 Peter Heaven [email protected] 25
11 Tom Baker [email protected] 30

(B)使用中间表删除重复的行

要使用中间表删除重复的行,请按照以下步骤操作:

步骤1.创建一个新表结构,与真实表相同:

CREATE TABLE source_copy LIKE source;

步骤2.插入数据库原始计划中的不同行:

INSERT INTO source_copy
SELECT * FROM source
GROUP BY col; 

步骤3.删除原始表,并将立即表重命名为原始表。

DROP TABLE source;
ALTER TABLE source_copy RENAME TO source;

例如,以下语句从联系人表中删除具有重复电子邮件的行:

-- step 1
CREATE TABLE contacts_temp
LIKE contacts;

-- step 2
INSERT INTO contacts_temp
SELECT * FROM contacts 
GROUP BY email;

-- step 3
DROP TABLE contacts;

ALTER TABLE contacts_temp
RENAME TO contacts;

(C)使用ROW_NUMBER()函数删除重复的行

注意:自MySQL 8.02版以来,已支持ROW_NUMBER()函数,因此我们应在使用该函数之前检查MySQL版本。

以下语句使用ROW_NUMBER()为每个行分配一个顺序整数。如果电子邮件重复,则该行将大于一。

SELECT id, email, ROW_NUMBER() 
OVER (PARTITION BY email 
ORDER BY email
    ) AS row_num
FROM contacts;

以下SQL查询返回重复行的ID列表:

SELECT id
FROM (SELECT id,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
PARTITION BY email ORDER BY email) AS row_num
FROM
contacts
) t
WHERE
row_num> 1;

输出:

id
9
12
14

删除Oracle中的重复记录

当我们在表中找到重复的记录时,我们必须删除不需要的副本,以保持数据的干净唯一。如果表中有重复的行,我们可以使用DELETE语句将其删除。

在这种情况下,我们有一列,它不是用于评估表中重复记录的组的一部分。

考虑下面给出的表:

VEGETABLE_ID VEGETABLE_NAME COLOR
01 Potato Brown
02 Potato Brown
03 Onion Red
04 Onion Red
05 Onion Red
06 Pumpkin Green
07 Pumpkin Yellow
-- create the vegetable table
CREATE TABLE vegetables (
VEGETABLE_ID NUMBER generated BY DEFAULT AS ID ENTITY,
VEGETABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(100),
color VARCHAR2(20),
        PRIMARY KEY (VEGETABLE_ID)
);
-- insert sample rows
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES('Potato','Brown');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES('Potato','Brown');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES('Onion','Red');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES('Onion','Red');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES('Onion','Red');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES('Pumpkin','Green');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES('Pumpkin','Yellow');
-- query data from the vegetable table
SELECT * FROM vegetables;

假设我们要保留具有最高VEGETABLE_ID的行,并删除所有其他副本。

SELECT
MAX (VEGETABLE_ID)
FROM
vegetables
GROUP BY
VEGETABLE_NAME,
color
ORDER BY
MAX(VEGETABLE_ID);
MAX(VEGETABLE_ID)
2
5
6
7

我们使用DELETE语句删除VEGETABLE_ID COLUMN中的值不是最高的行。

DELETE FROM
vegetables
WHERE
VEGETABLE_IDNOTIN
  (
SELECT
MAX(VEGETABLE_ID)
FROM
vegetables
GROUP BY
VEGETABLE_NAME,
color
);

三行已被删除。

SELECT *FROM vegetables;
VEGETABLE_ID VEGETABLE_NAME COLOR
02 Potato Brown
05 Onion Red
06 Pumpkin Green
07 Yellow

如果我们想让ID最小的行,请使用MIN()函数而不是MAX()函数。

DELETE FROM
vegetables
WHERE
VEGETABLE_IDNOTIN
  (
SELECT
MIN(VEGETABLE_ID)
FROM
vegetables
GROUP BY
VEGETABLE_NAME,
color
  );

如果我们有一个不属于评估重复项的组的列,则上述方法有效。如果列中的所有值都有副本,那么我们将无法使用VEGETABLE_ID列。

让我们拖放并创建一个具有新结构的蔬菜表。

DROP TABLE vegetables;
CREATE TABLE vegetables (
VEGETABLE_ID NUMBER,
VEGETABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(100),
Color VARCHAR2(20)
);
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_ID,VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES(1,'Potato','Brown');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_ID,VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES(1, 'Potato','Brown');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_ID,VEGETABLE_NAME,color)VALUES(2,'Onion','Red');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_ID,VEGETABLE_NAME,color)VALUES(2,'Onion','Red');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_ID,VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES(2,'Onion','Red');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_ID,VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES(3,'Pumpkin','Green');
INSERT INTO vegetables (VEGETABLE_ID,VEGETABLE_NAME,color) VALUES('4,Pumpkin','Yellow');

SELECT * FROM vegetables;
VEGETABLE_ID VEGETABLE_NAME COLOR
01 Potato Brown
01 Potato Brown
02 Onion Red
02 Onion Red
02 Onion Red
03 Pumpkin Green
04 Pumpkin Yellow

在蔬菜表中,已复制所有列VEGETABLE_ID,VEGETABLE_NAME和颜色中的值。

我们可以使用rowid,这是一个指定Oracle在哪里存储行的定位器。因为rowid是唯一的,所以我们可以使用它来删除重复的行。

DELETE
FROM
Vegetables
WHERE
rowed NOT IN
(
SELECT
MIN(rowid)
FROM
vegetables
GROUP BY
VEGETABLE_ID,
VEGETABLE_NAME,
color
  );

该查询验证删除操作:

SELECT * FROM vegetables;
VEGETABLE_ID VEGETABLE_NAME COLOR
01 Potato Brown
02 Onion Red
03 Pumpkin Green
04 Pumpkin Yellow
类别:MySQL

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